【耶和華名譯史】「耶和華」名字翻譯小史(22)

 

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丁道爾 Tyndale 流芳百世

以 1526-1530 的丁道爾的新舊約為藍本,出版了四部英譯:

1)1535 Coverdale Bible (Great Bible);

2)1537 Matthew Bible;

3)1557 Geneva Bible(GNV);

4)1611 King James Version(KJV) 。

之後,再以 King James Version(KJV)為根據,修訂了 1901 American Standard Version(ASV)。之後,再以 1901 American Standard Version(ASV)為根據,修訂三部新譯本:

1)1971 The Living Bible (TLB),是 Kenneth N. Taylor's 的意譯本(paraphrase);

2)1996 New Living Translation (NLT),是 TLB 重新修訂為 NLT;

3)2000 World English Bible (WEB)。

1901 American Standard Version(ASV) 和 1971 The Living Bible (TLB)都是用 Jehovah 名字,但新的兩部 1996 New Living Translation (NLT)和 2000  World English Bible (WEB)更由 Jehovah 改用了比較正確的 Yahweh 名字。

第四個突破 2000 World English Bible (WEB)

平反耶威 Yahweh 的名字,第一個突破由是從 Wycliffe's Bible 出現 Jehovah 的 4次,1557 Geneva Bible 和 1611 King James Version 出現的 8 次。

第二個突破是 1862 Young's Literal Translation (YLT)出現 Jehovah 全數 5,787次,1890 Darby Bible (DBY) 出現 5,791次,到 1901 American Standard Version (ASV) 出現 5,831次。

第三個突破是 1902 年 Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR),率先把 Jehovah 名字琢磨到 Yahweh,1949 Bible in Basic English (BBE) 也改用了Yahweh,出現五次,1966 Amplified Bible Classic Edition (AMPC)出現一次,1996 New Living Translation (NLT)出現了 11 次,2004 Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB)出現 495 次。

第四個突破是 2000 World English Bible (WEB) 出現全數 5,795 次的 Yahweh, 2011 Lexham English Bible (LEB)出現 5,824 次,2011 Name of God Bible(NOG) 出現 5,856 次。

由以上譯本中,可見丁道爾的深遠的影響,一脈單傳,連綿不絕。五百年後的今天,在許多譯本裡,還追溯到他手筆的踪跡。Coverdale Bible (Great Bible),Matthew Bible, Geneva Bible(GNV), King James Version(KJV) ,和 Revised Version (RV1885),都是以他的手稿為藍本。King James Version 更是燴炙人口,繼而成就了 American Standard Version (ASV),成為日後 The Living Bible (TLB),New Living Translation (NLT) 和 2000 World English Bible (WEB)的根據。

回想 1534 年,丁道爾在他譯本序言中,鄭重宣布神的名是 Jehovah,他英譯聖經的苦心,平反神名的宏願,推動更正運動的功勞,終於開花結子。他捍衛真理而殉道,功不可沒,流芳百世。第一個突破:平反『耶和華』之名

以丁道爾譯本為根據的英譯本

以下各行順序為:年份;譯本;神名;出現次數

1535 Coverdale Bible (Great Bible) Jehovah 2

1537 Matthew Bible LORD

1557 Geneva Bible(GNV) Jehovah 8

1611 King James Version(KJV Jehovah 8

1901 American Standard Version (ASV) Jehovah 5,831

1971 The Living Bible (NLB) Jehovah 408

1994 21st Century King James (KJ21) Jehovah 408

1996 The New Living Translation (NLT) Yahweh 11

2000 World English Bible Yahwen 5,795


其他中英譯本所採用神的名:

以下各行順序為:年份;譯本;所採用神的名;出現次數

第一個突破:平反『耶和華』之名

1395 Wycliffe's Bible (WYC) Iehovah 4

1522 Luther Bible Herr

1525 Tyndale Bible Iehouah

1535 Coverdale Bible (Great Bible) Jehovah 2

1537 Matthew Bible Jehovah

1557 Geneva Bible (GNV) Jehovah 4

1568 Bishop's Bible Jehovah

1610 Douay–Rheims Bible LORD

1611 King James Version (KJV) Jehovah 8

1823 【神天聖書】 神

1833 Webster's Bible Translation Jehovah 15

1854 【委辦譯本】 耶和華


第二個突破;『耶和華』全數回歸聖經

1862 Young's Literal Translation (YLT) Jehovah 6,831

1876 The Holy Bible Jehovah

1885 Revised Version (RV1885) Jehovah 16

1890 Darby Bible (DBY) Jehovah 6,810

1901 American Standard Version (ASV) Jehovah 6,823

第三個突破:平反『耶威』

1902 Rotherham's Emphasized Bible (EBR) Yahweh

1914 The Modern Reader's Bible Jehovah 16

1919 【文理新舊約聖書】 耶和華

1919 【國語和合譯本】 耶和華

1936 The Holy Scriptures (1936, 1951) Jehovah

1949 Bible in Basic English (BBE) Yahweh 5

1950 The New Testament of our Messiah Yahweh and Saviour Yahshua

1952 Revised Standard Version (RSV) LORD

1954 Amplified Bible (1987) Yahweh 1

1961 The New English Bible Jehovah 8

1961 New World Translation (NWT) Jehovah 6,979

1963 Holy Name Bible Yahweh

1966 Amplified Bible Classic Edition (AMPC) Yahweh 1


第四個突破:『耶威』全數回歸聖經

1966 Jerusalem Bible (JB) Yahweh 6,823

1968 【聖經思高譯本】 上主 雅威 50

1969 The Modern Language Bible Jehovah 4

1970 【呂振中譯本】 永恆主

1970 New English Bible Jehovah 7

1970 Restoration of Original Sacred Name Bible Yahweh

1971 New American Standard Bible (NASB) LORD

1971 The Living Bible (TLB) Jehovah 408

1971 The King James II Version (1971) Jehovah 9

1971 The New American Bible Yahweh 3

1972 The Bible in Living English Jehovah >6,800

1978 The New International Version LORD

1979 【現代中文譯本修訂版】 上主

1979 【當代譯本】 耶和華

1981 The Sacred Scriptures Bethel Edition Yahweh

1982 The New King James Version LORD

1985 Green's Literal Translation Jehovah 6,866

1985 the Schocken Bible(Five books of Moses) YHWH

1987 Easy to Read Version (ERV) Yahweh 12

1987 The Book of Yahweh: The Holy Scriptures Yahweh

1989 The New Revised Standard Version LORD

1991 The New Century Version LORD

1992 【聖經新譯本】 耶和華

1993 The Scriptures (TS) 1993, 1998, 2009) 6,841 הוהי

1994 21st Century King James Version (KJ21) Jehovah 9

1995 The Contemporary English Version LORD

1996 New Living Translation (NLT) Yahweh 2

1998 Third Millennium Bible Jehovah 9


第四個突破:『耶威』全數回歸聖經

1999 The Recovery Version YHWH 6,841

1999 The American King James Version Jehovah 8

2000 World English Bible (WEB) Yahweh 5,795

2000 Sacred Scriptures, Family of Yah Edition Yahweh

2001 English Standard Version Yahweh

2001 The Holy Bible – Urim-Thummim Version Yahweh

2001 Hebraic-Roots Version (2001, 2004) הרהי

2003 The Word of Yahweh Yahweh

2003 A Voice in the Wilderness (VW Edition) Jehovah

2004 Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB) Yahweh 495

2004 Restoration Scriptures: הרהי True Name Edition

2004 Zikarown Say'fer Memorial Scroll הרהי

2005 Sacred Name King James Bible הרהי

2007 The Seventh Millennium Version הרהי

2008 The Aramaic English New Testament הרהי

2009 HalleluYah Scriptures (2009, 2015) הרהי

2010 Abrahamic Faith Nazarene הרהי Hebraic Study Scriptures

 

2009 Hebraic Roots Bible (2012) Yahweh

2010 【新漢語譯本】 上主

2011 The Divine Name King James Bible Jehovah 6,973

2011 Name of God Bible(NOG) Yahweh 5,856

2011 The Restoration Study Bible Yahweh

2011 Lexham English Bible (LEB) Yahweh 5,824

2012 The Restored Name King James Version הרהי

2014 Shem Qadosh Version הרהי

2014 Neno La Yahweh Swahili version הרהי

2018 The First Testament Yahweh His Name Tanakh (In Progress) הרהי